Reference Charts
Printable engineering reference charts — steel sections, rebar sizes, wire ampacity, pipe schedules, material properties, and fastener data — every value verified against its primary published source.
The calculators on this site compute; these charts look things up. Each one is a printable table of the published dimensions, capacities, and properties engineers reach for daily — steel section geometry, rebar areas, conductor ampacity, pipe walls, material constants, fastener torque — kept on one clean page.
Every cell is verified against the primary published source named at the bottom of its chart. Derived values are computed from the source dimensions rather than transcribed, and anything that could not be verified was dropped rather than estimated.
All Charts
Drill Point Length Table — 118°, 120°, 135° & 140°
Calculated drill-point allowances by diameter and included angle, with cone-depth factors and a clear distinction between tip and full-diameter depth.
Updated September 6, 2026
Machining Tolerance Conversion Table — Inch, mm & µm
Convert tolerance half-widths between inches, millimetres, and micrometres, with total tolerance-zone widths and clear mil versus micron definitions.
Updated September 6, 2026
Aggregate Gradation Chart — ASTM C33 Size Numbers & Percent Passing
ASTM C33 aggregate gradation chart: percent-passing bands for coarse aggregate size numbers 8 through 467 and the fine-aggregate grading band.
Updated August 22, 2026
Circuit Breaker Size Chart — NEC 240.6(A) Standard Ratings & Wire Pairings
Standard circuit breaker ampere ratings per NEC 240.6(A), small-conductor limits, and minimum copper wire sizes computed from NEC 310.16.
Updated August 22, 2026
Copper Wire Weight Chart — Pounds per 1,000 ft & Feet per Pound by AWG
Copper wire weight and resistance by AWG: pounds per 1,000 ft, feet per pound, and ohms per 1,000 ft, computed from the ASTM B258 gauge formula.
Updated August 22, 2026
Drill Press Speed Chart — HSS Cutting Speeds by Material & Bit Size
Drill press speed chart: HSS twist-drill cutting speeds by material with computed RPM for common bit diameters, cross-checked across manufacturers.
Updated August 22, 2026
Extension Cord Size Chart — Ampacity by Gauge & Computed Voltage Drop
Extension cord ampacity by gauge per NEC Table 400.5(A)(1), with computed voltage drop for common cord lengths and loads at 120 V.
Updated August 22, 2026
Hex Nut & Washer Size Chart — ASME B18.2.2 & B18.22.1 Dimensions
Hex nut and washer dimensions per ASME B18.2.2 and B18.22.1: width across flats, thickness, washer ID and OD, with computed metric columns.
Updated August 22, 2026
NEMA Motor Frame Chart — Shaft Height, Shaft Diameter & Mounting Dims
NEMA motor frame dimensions for 143T-445T frames: shaft height computed from the frame number, plus shaft diameter and mounting dimensions.
Updated August 22, 2026
PEX & CPVC Tubing Size Chart — OD, Wall & ID per ASTM F876 / D2846
PEX and CPVC tubing dimensions: OD, wall, and computed ID for ASTM F876 SDR9 PEX and ASTM D2846 SDR11 CPVC in copper tube sizes.
Updated August 22, 2026
Pipe Support Spacing Chart — IPC Table 308.5 Hanger Intervals
Maximum pipe hanger and support spacing by piping material per IPC Table 308.5, horizontal and vertical, for common plumbing piping.
Updated August 22, 2026
Plywood & OSB Weight Chart — Panel Thicknesses & Sheet Weights
Plywood and OSB panel thicknesses per PS 1 and PS 2 with APA-published weights per square foot and computed 4x8 sheet weights.
Updated August 22, 2026
Sheet Metal Screw Size Chart — Diameter, TPI & Drill Sizes by Gauge
Sheet metal screw dimensions per ASME B18.6.4: major diameter, threads per inch by thread type, and clearance drill sizes by screw gauge.
Updated August 22, 2026
Viscosity Grade Chart — ISO VG Bands & SAE J300 Engine Oil Limits
ISO VG viscosity grades with computed min-max bands per ISO 3448, plus SAE J300 engine-oil kinematic viscosity limits at 100 C.
Updated August 22, 2026
Electrical Box Fill Chart — NEC 314.16 Box Volumes & Conductor Counts
NEC 314.16 box fill tables: standard metal box volumes, per-conductor volume allowances by AWG, and computed maximum conductor counts per box.
Updated August 20, 2026
Conduit Fill Chart — EMT Trade Sizes & Max THHN Conductor Counts (NEC)
EMT conduit fill per NEC Chapter 9: conduit areas from Table 4, THHN/THWN-2 conductor areas from Table 5, and computed max wire counts at 40% fill.
Updated August 20, 2026
Deck Joist Span Chart — IRC R507.6 Maximum Spans by Species & Spacing
Maximum deck joist spans from 2021 IRC Table R507.6: southern pine, DF-L/hem-fir/SPF, and redwood/cedar 2x6–2x12 joists at 12, 16, and 24 in o.c.
Updated August 20, 2026
Ohm's Law Wheel — All 12 Voltage, Current, Resistance & Power Formulas
The Ohm's law and power wheel: all twelve V, I, R, and P formulas with worked examples, computed for DC and unity-power-factor AC.
Updated August 20, 2026
Grounding Conductor Size Chart — NEC Tables 250.66 & 250.122
NEC grounding tables: grounding electrode conductor sizes per Table 250.66 and equipment grounding conductor sizes per Table 250.122.
Updated August 20, 2026
Header Span Chart — IRC R602.7(1) Built-Up Header Spans & Jack Studs
Exterior bearing-wall header spans from 2021 IRC Table R602.7(1): 2- and 3-ply 2x6–2x12 built-up headers with jack stud counts at 12/24/36 ft building widths.
Updated August 20, 2026
O-Ring Size Chart — AS568 Dash Numbers, ID & Cross-Section
AS568 O-ring dash sizes: inside diameter, cross-section, tolerances, and computed OD for the five standard cross-section series.
Updated August 20, 2026
PVC Pipe Pressure Rating Chart — Schedule 40 & 80 per ASTM D1785
PVC 1120 water pressure ratings at 73 °F for Schedule 40 and 80 pipe per ASTM D1785, with the standard temperature derating factors.
Updated August 20, 2026
Thermal Expansion Coefficient Chart — Metals, Plastics, Wood & Glass
Linear thermal expansion coefficients for 80+ building materials, grouped by category, with computed movement per unit length and temperature.
Updated August 20, 2026
Welding Rod Amperage Chart — Stick Electrode Sizes & Current Ranges
Stick electrode amperage ranges by rod diameter for E6010, E6011, E6013, and E7018, cross-checked across manufacturer published data.
Updated August 20, 2026
Air Properties Table — Density, Viscosity & Thermal Values (0–300 °C)
Dry air at 1 atm from 0–300 °C: density, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, thermal conductivity, and Prandtl number per Cengel Table A-15 property data.
Updated August 18, 2026
Concrete Strength Class Chart — EC2 C-Classes & Typical US Mixes
EN 1992-1-1 Table 3.1 classes C12/15–C50/60 with fck, cube strength, fcm, fctm and Ecm, plus typical US f′c mixes 2500–8000 psi with MPa conversions.
Updated August 18, 2026
Drill Bit Size Chart — Fractional, Number, Letter & Metric Decimal Equivalents
ANSI/ASME B94.11M drill sizes: number drills #80–#1, letter drills A–Z, and fractional bits 1/64″ to 1/2″ with decimal-inch and millimetre equivalents.
Updated August 18, 2026
Inch Fraction to Decimal & mm Chart — 1/64″ to 1″
All 64ths of an inch from 1/64″ to 1″: reduced fraction, decimal inches to 4 places, and exact millimetre equivalents computed at 25.4 mm per inch.
Updated August 18, 2026
Hardness Conversion Chart — HRC, HB, HV & Approximate Tensile Strength
ASTM E140 hardness conversions for non-austenitic steel: Rockwell C 20–65 to Brinell HB (3000 kgf), Vickers HV, and approximate tensile strength in ksi and MPa.
Updated August 18, 2026
Insulation R-Value Chart — R per Inch for Common Materials
Published R-value per inch for fiberglass, mineral wool, cellulose, EPS, XPS, polyiso and spray foam — DOE and manufacturer-verified ranges with aged values.
Updated August 18, 2026
Lumber Size Chart — Nominal vs Actual Dimensions (2x4, 2x6 & More)
PS 20 softwood lumber sizes: nominal vs actual dressed dimensions from 1x2 to 8x8 in inches and millimetres, plus board feet per linear foot.
Updated August 18, 2026
Metric Bolt Dimension Chart — Coarse & Fine Pitch, Head & Wrench Sizes
Metric bolt sizes M3–M30: ISO 261/262 coarse and fine pitches, ISO 4014/4017 hex head across-flats and heights with DIN 931 splits, and ISO 4762 socket heads.
Updated August 18, 2026
Motor Full-Load Current Chart — NEC 430.248 & 430.250 (1φ & 3φ)
NEC Table 430.248 single-phase and Table 430.250 three-phase motor full-load currents, ¼–200 hp at 115–575 V, for sizing conductors and protection.
Updated August 18, 2026
Nail & Screw Size Chart — Penny Sizes, Wood Screw Gauges & Pilot Holes
Nail penny sizes 2d–60d with lengths and common/box shank diameters per FPL and NDS tables, plus wood screw gauges #2–#14 with pilot hole sizes.
Updated August 18, 2026
Presumptive Soil Bearing Capacity Chart — IBC Table 1806.2 Values
IBC Table 1806.2 presumptive load-bearing values: 1,500–12,000 psf vertical pressure by soil and rock class with kPa conversions and lateral values.
Updated August 18, 2026
Sheet Metal Gauge Chart — Steel, Stainless, Aluminum & Galvanized Thickness
Sheet metal gauge chart 7–30: decimal-inch and millimetre thickness for standard steel (MSG), galvanized, stainless, and aluminum (Brown & Sharpe).
Updated August 18, 2026
Steel Angle & Channel Size Chart — Equal Angles (L) & C-Channels
AISC Shapes Database v15.0 tables: 22 equal-leg angles L2x2x1/8–L8x8x1 with area, weight and least radius of gyration, plus C3x4.1–C15x50 channels.
Updated August 18, 2026
Unified Thread Chart — UNC & UNF TPI, Major, Minor & Pitch Diameters
ASME B1.1 Unified thread dimensions #4 to 1″: UNC and UNF threads per inch with basic major, pitch, and external minor diameters to four decimal places.
Updated August 18, 2026
Water Properties Table — Density, Viscosity & Vapor Pressure (0–100 °C)
Saturated liquid water from 0–100 °C: density, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, and vapor pressure — steam-table values cross-checked against NIST/IAPWS.
Updated August 18, 2026
Bolt Torque, Tap Drill & Fastener Grade Chart
Dry tightening torques for metric 8.8/10.9/12.9 and SAE Grade 5/8 bolts (K=0.2, 75% proof), 75% tap drill sizes, and ISO 898-1 / SAE J429 grade strengths.
Updated August 16, 2026
Material Properties Table — Density, E, Yield & Thermal Values
Verified engineering properties for structural steel, stainless, aluminum, copper, concrete, wood, glass, and plastics: density, E, yield, k, and α.
Updated August 16, 2026
Pipe Schedule Chart — Sch 40/80/160 OD, ID & Wall (Steel, PVC, Copper)
Pipe schedule tables with OD, wall, and computed ID: steel NPS 1/8–12 per ASME B36.10M, PVC Sch 40/80 per ASTM D1785, and copper Type K/L/M per ASTM B88.
Updated August 16, 2026
Rebar Size Chart — US #3–#18 & Metric Diameters, Areas, Weights
ASTM A615 rebar sizes #3–#18 with nominal diameter, area, and weight in imperial and metric, plus 6–40 mm metric bars computed from π/4·d²·7850 kg/m³.
Updated August 16, 2026
Steel Beam Size Chart — W-Shapes, IPE, HEA & HEB Dimensions
Verified steel beam size tables: 42 common AISC W-shapes with depth, flange, area, Ix and Sx, plus full IPE 80–600 and HEA/HEB 100–600 metric sections.
Updated August 16, 2026
AWG Wire Gauge Chart — Diameter, Resistance & NEC Ampacity
AWG 14 to 500 kcmil conductor sizes with diameter, circular-mil area, and 75 °C copper resistance per NEC Chapter 9 Table 8, plus NEC 310.16 ampacities.
Updated August 16, 2026